What type of content does disinformation include?

Disinformation specifically refers to information that is intentionally created or manipulated to deceive or mislead individuals. This type of content can include fabricated news stories, altered visuals, or any other form of messaging designed to create a false narrative or misinform the public. The key characteristic of disinformation is its intent to mislead, distinguishing it clearly from authentic news articles, educational materials, or research papers, which are generally created to inform and educate based on factual information. The other options represent content that is typically rooted in truth and aimed at providing accurate knowledge or insights rather than deception, highlighting the defining trait of disinformation as harmful manipulation or creation.